Health

Summative Assessment

Introduction

Infectious Diseases have been the cause of millions of deaths in the past; however, because of the invention of vaccines and antibiotics these diseases have by far reduced the number of deaths. The examples include sexually transmitted diseases, pneumonia and flu. Non-infectious diseases are not contagious, although some can be inherited from parent to offspring. An outbreak is a sudden eruption of disease that afflicts a group of individuals at a specific time and place. Foodborne disease outbreak is an event where a group of people are affected with a similar illness or disease due to the consumption of contaminated food (3). It is a serious issue where there are high numbers of people who are affected for such contaminated food consumption and it is necessary to analyse the issue so that the issue can be mitigated further.

Concepts impacting on people with mental health issues and their support

In society and in various communities, there are wide numbers of concepts prevailing related to people suffering from mental health issues. This prevailing concept has given rise to various stigmas related to mental health which has resulted many individuals suffering from mental health issues to be unable to cope with the issues (Gove et al. 2016). This is because proper healthcare services required resolving the issues are not being delivered at the right time to the individuals that result them to suffer. As mentioned by Herrmann et al. (2017), in Asian communities the concept regarding mental health issues is that it is a condition which comes with age and is not considered as any form of mental disorder. This has resulted individuals suffering from mental health issues in their communities to face deteriorated mental health with time as they do not receive effective mental support required at the right time. As argued by Johl et al. (2016), in Asian communities often homemade remedies are used for supporting people with mental health issues. This is because they think that mental health issues arise due to lack of proper nutrient in the body with ageing and can be resolved by taking proper care at home. It has further led to lack of effective support and medical intervention for the individuals suffering from mental health issues in these communities that result the people with mental health issues to experienced grave mental disorder with time.

The concept of perceiving mental health issues as a shame for the family image is negatively impacting the people with mental health issues and their support (Kapadia et al. 2015). This is because the families with this concept avoid exposing the individuals suffering from mental health issues in society for receiving effective care and medical intervention. Moreover, this concept leads the families to perceive the people suffering from the mental health issues as a burden of care and they are seen to be discarded from the family and society to get relieved (Nielsen and Waldemar, 2016). This is because including them in the family is going to create problems of extensive care for the family members. As a result, the mental health of the individuals deteriorates with time and becomes uncontrollable often orienting them to die without proper treatment.

The concept in certain societies regarding mental health among the elderly and the young is that they are showing issues with mental health to draw attention from the family and the society (Wong et al. 2015). This is because by showing inappropriate mental tantrums the individuals are able to make the family become concerned that they are ill and require receiving effective attention and care. The families those avoid to provide attention to the individuals in these circumstances results them to face deteriorated mental health as proper intervention required are not provided (Kapadia et al. 2015). The concept somewhat positively impacts the people suffering from mental health issues in the families where the members with raised concern try to offer effective care support and attention to the individuals in this aspect. This is because by providing attention the individuals are able to understand that the mental health issues require expert care for their proper solutions as their care are not able to resolve the issues. The individuals suffering from mental health issues are seen to become vulnerable and aggressive over time due to lack of support to control their emotional issues. This leads the society to develop the concept regarding mentally-ill people to be vulnerable and evil for the society (Giebel et al. 2015). It leads the society to avoid interacting with people which impact individuals with mental health issues to feel isolated from the society that further deteriorates their mental health.

In some cases, the mental health issues are conceptualised as fake disorder where the support and intervention by doctors and other health professionals are regarded as waste of time and money for the individuals (Regan, 2016). In such cases, the individuals suffering from mental health issues are not offered proper support and care at the right time because the treatment available for them are regarded as inappropriate. This results in their deteriorated health conditions as the mental health issues are not detected at the early stage when they can be controlled and proper accesses to care is not offered to the individuals. It is evident as early detection and care, as well as medical intervention for resolving mental health issues, lead individuals to have healthy psychological and emotional well-being to some extent (Card and Wang, 2015). Thus, this concept negatively impacts the health and delays support for the people suffering from mental health issues. However, in the Western communities, the concept regarding mental health issues is that it is a form of health disorder among the individuals which is required to be effectively taken care at the right time (Thornicroft et al. 2016). This concept leads the people suffering from mental health issues to receive appropriate care and support at the right time because the raised concern makes individuals to arrange care for early intervention.

In South Asian communities, the religious concept regarding the occurrence of mental health issues is that individuals suffer from the mental problems due to their past and present sins as an act of God. The individuals and families in the community under the concept also believe that there is no remedy available for the mitigation of the mental issues in the physical world and the available interventions are regarded fake (Tomlinson and Stott, 2015). The individuals of this religion also have the concept that acting against the will of God to provide support to the mentally-ill patients are going to offer punishment to them as it is violation of rules of nature (Agli et al. 2015). This form of concept impacts the people suffering from mental health issues to suffer and die as they are not provided required healthcare support at the appropriate time. Moreover, the concept impacts the people with mental health issues to avoid receiving care from the health professional even if they have knowledge regarding the interventions available for their disorder. In some communities, the individuals feel that making an elderly individual perceive that the person is mentally-ill and exposing the person to be diagnosed by a psychiatrist is an act of disrespect (Ali and Bokharey, 2016). This concept results to impact on the people with mental health issues to access delayed care support and treatment which negatively affects their health.

According to the service user’s perspective, the concept regarding care support for mental health issues is that during their hospitalisation and treatment procedure they wish to feel genuinely cared and treated in a compassionate manner (Gunasekara et al. 2014). This is because their inappropriate mental health wishes to find emotional support and strength through effective care. As asserted by De Silva et al. (2016), concept of the service users is that the mental health nurses during their mental health issues are to be genuinely curious about their health as personal life experiences. This is because it is going to impact on the individuals to fulfil their wish of being recognised and treated holistically. As mentioned by Jordans et al. (2016), simple things are seen to matter most for those who have little control over what is actually happening around them. Thus, the service user’s concept of being treated personally impacts on them to show effective response to the medical interventions. This is because it leads them to develop trust and a good rapport with the nurses to be free to accept the medical interventions without feeling any fear.

The concept of mental support informs that people with mental health issues are to be properly respected while they are accessing care (Petersen et al. 2016). This means that the mental health nurses are to avoid discussion of inappropriate incidences with the service users and ensure their dignity, as well as rights, are properly reserved while care. The concept positively impacts on the mentally-ill individuals to receive satisfactory care from the nurses. This is because the mentally-ill individuals already suffer increased amount of disrespect in the form of abuse, mocking and others from the society due to their condition as it is regarded as inappropriate behaviour (Raab et al. 2015). This hurts their dignity as the respect they wish to receive and their rights are not properly protected. Thus, the concept of ensuring feeling of respect and dignity for the mentally-ill people acts as a boon for them in receiving effective support as they also avoid showing tantrums and resentment for care support essential for them in resolving their condition.

The prevailing concept from the perspectives of service users regarding mental health issues is that they wish the nurses to be attentive towards them for patiently listening to them during care (Eliacin et al. 2015). This is because while living in the society they have often faced frustration and feeling of restless from people while the service users tried to explain in details their difficulties with the hope of receiving proper care and support. As mentioned by Schmidt et al. (2016), patiently listening to the mentally-ill patients helps to build self-esteem among individuals. This is because it led them to feel being valued which improves their self-esteem that in turn helps them to show better response towards treatment procedure. Moreover, the concept of detailed and patience listening to the service users with mental health issues helps to properly understand their needs and demands in services (Lorem et al. 2015). This impact in providing better support and care for the service users as the treatment and healthcare services are arranged appropriately in the manner which meets the needs and demands of service users.

The concept in Tidal’s model informs that the nurses are required to operate services in a transparent way, respect the individuals, ensure wisdom, give time to the service users to change with therapy and value the voice of the service users in offering effective care (Hunter et al. 2015). The transparency in services impacts on the people with mental health issues to receive proper care withy efficient from the mental health nurses without any form of discrimination. This result the service users to access medical support at the right time as required to improve their mental health conditions. Further, giving service users with mental health issues the voice to provide opinion regarding their care services helps them to have better care services which fulfils their demands and needs. Moreover, the opportunity to change with time through effective medical intervention helps the people with mental health issues to show better health outcome (Kidd et al. 2014). This is because their mental health issues are properly analysed and resolved on a long-term basis.

According to the concept of mental health care from the nurse’s perspective, effective negotiation is to be built between the service users and the nurses to ensure proper and positive care support for the people with mental health issues (Jones et al. 2018). The concept informs that the nurses require providing effective guidance to the service users in such a way so that it allows them to develop negotiation with the routine and practices in the ward while being hospitalised. This is required to let the service users understand what is acceptable and what is not while accessing care that would help them to avoid being anxious while receiving care. It is also going to avoid development of conflicting relationship with the nurses due to inappropriate circumstances impacting the people with mental health issues to receive smooth and effective care surrounding during the treatment procedure.

The concept of teamwork in mental health informs that the mental health nurses are to work collaboratively with empathic nursing practices to offer positive care environment for the people suffering from mental health issues for effectively supporting them (Tomizawa et al. 2017). This is required so that conflicting or mixed messages regarding care practices do not create boundary of frustration and confusion for the services users in receiving proper care support for resolving their mental health issues. As mentioned by Fleury et al. (2018), teamwork concept in mental health helps the nurses to receive assistance in identifying best care support strategies for the mentally-ill patients by consulting with the experienced professionals. This impact on the mentally-ill individuals to receive sensitive care support from the nurses that are out of their expectation that results their mental health issues to be resolved within less time. As argued by Tomizawa et al. (2017), delegation in teamwork concept among the nurses helps the mentally-ill patients to receive better care support. This is because in such condition the novice service providers are replaced by experienced nurses who appropriately deliver care support to the service users for their improved mental health.

The concept of best practice in relation to mental health issues informs that nurses would be able to provide positive care support to the mentally-ill patient only if their personal mental health is well-managed (Acharya et al. 2017). This is because the nurses require maintaining hope as well as compassion in providing proper care to the mentally-ill patients which require their mental health to be stable. This concept of best practice by maintaining stable mental health of the nurses would positively impact on the people with mental health issues to achieve improved care support. As mentioned by Schön (2017), reflective practice helps in incorporation of critical examination of personal thoughts, assumptions, interaction and actions with colleagues as well as service users while delivering mental health support. This concept assists in delivering a wise supervised care to the people with mental health issues as through reflective practice the individuals are able to analyse the strength and weakness on the care support strategies. Thus, according to the information they try to properly manage and execute change in services for effective healthcare intervention for the mentally-ill patients.

The concept of person-centred approach informs it to be a humanistic approach in which the service users are kept at the centre of decision-making for selecting the treatment and care support for them (Harvey, 2015). In this approach, the health professional is seen to be a compassionate listener who listens to the service users without any form of judgement as well as acknowledges them. This concept of person-centred approach when applied on the people with mental health issues impacts them to receive lost self-confidence which installs in them a stronger sense of identity (Gondek et al. 2017). It results the individuals with mental illness to develop healthy interpersonal relationship with others which they have not been able to develop previously due to their disturbed mental health. Thus, the concept positively supports the mentally-ill individuals to develop better mental health.

The concept of life support impacts on the people with mental health issues to receive effective help in executing their daily life activities without hindrance thus providing them effective care support and assistance to live properly (www.mind.org.uk, 2018). In order to fulfil the concept of life support for the mentally-ill individuals, the health system along with the local communities are required. This is because the health system offers medical support and services to the mentally-ill patients to improve their health. However, the local services assist them in properly doing their everyday activities without fail to boost them emotionally in showing support towards improvement of their mental health. As mentioned by Wykes et al. (2015), the health promotion concept regarding mental health services acts as a boost for the mentally-ill people to get proper awareness regarding the way to control their mental health issues. This is because through the concept of health promotion the people with mental health issues become aware when to report their condition to the health professionals to receive proper care for avoiding deterioration of their mental health.2

The concept of health promotion leads to resolve negative stigma related to mental health because it develops awareness among the society and communities by informing them about the medical and scientific reason behind the occurrence of the issues (Place et al. 2016). This helps to impact on the people with mental health issues to be treated fairly in the society where they are not mocked or abused or harmed for their condition. Moreover, the health promotion concept results the families of the individuals with mental health issues to come forward to expose their members who are mentally-ill to offer them support at the right time to avoid further deterioration of the disease. Thus, the health promotion concept impacts people with mental health issues to receive positive and effective care support from society to access health care services at an early stage of their deteriorated mental health.

According to Orem’s model, the concept informs that all patients have the wish to be empowered to care personally so that they are not regarded as a burden of care for others (Shahdadi et al. 2017). This concept impacts the people with mental health issues to develop efficiency on caring for their own and avoid abuses from the society by being a burden of care. Moreover, the concept also impact to offer positive support for the service users with mental health issues by emotionally empowering them to execute their everyday activities in an efficient manner. Thus, the concept informs the nurses to offer support to the people with mental health issues so that they are able to take their own decisions to ensure care for themselves.

Conclusion

The above discussion informs that the concepts such as discrimination of the mentally-ill people, considering mental health as act of God, perception of mentally-ill people as evil, mental health as natural phenomenon for ageing and others are seen to negatively impact on the care support for the individuals. This is because the concepts act as barriers for the individuals to receive holistic care. The concept of person-centred approach, health promotion, life support, compassionate behaviour, respect towards the service users and others are seen to create positive impact on the people with mental health issues to show improved health condition. This is because these concepts lead the mentally-ill patients to receive proper care from the mental health nurses and removes barriers with their mental health support which improves their emotional ability to cope with the issues. The discussion informs that concepts of Orem’s model of self-care and Tidal model are to be used in ensuring positive care support impact on the people with mental health issues.

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