Health

KEY CONCEPT IMPACTING ON PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS

1. Introduction

In the recent era of globalisation, there is rising awareness regarding the concept of mental health, which is basically the emotional and psychological wellbeing of an individuals to cope up with his or her situation, work productivity and efficiency and realisation of own abilities through which he or she can conduct their responsibilities so that their contribution in the society can be fulfilled (Agli, Bailly and Ferrand, 2015). In the recent years, there are increasing numbers of people who are suffering from mental illness and hereby, all the health and social care professionals as well as social communities are concerned about the issue of mental health as well as the treatment and practice of mental illness through which people can overcome their problems and raise the ability to solve the problems, think flexibly, deal with stress and depression and improve efficiency to contribute in the society where they are living. the aim of the study is to identify the issues of mental illness as well as acknowledge the treatment and practice of mental illness through understanding the concept of Orem’s Theory and Tidal’s Model. Through this study, it is hereby possible to evaluate the available treatment and practice of mental illness through which the health and social care professionals can treat the people who are suffering from mental illness by supporting them and providing them the best care so that they can overcome their problems.

2. Definition, type and cause of mental illness

Mental disorders, also called mental illness or psychiatric disorders is a behavioural and mental problem that causes significant distress or impairment of the induvial functioning. Mental health includes the emotional and psychological factor of an individuals as well as social wellbeing of the people and there are some people who lacks these factors who are considered as they are suffering from mental illness which needs to be treated efficiently for overcoming their current mental disorders (Ali and Bokharey, 2016). Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood where people at any stage face the difficulties related to mental disorders. the experience of mental illness can change the person’s thinking process mood and behaviour which further affect the lifestyle and wellbeing of the individual. There are several cases of mental illness which are related to biological factors, life expectations and family history which raises the issue of mental illness among the people in the recent years. the biological factors include genes and bran chemistry whereas the trauma and abuse and life experiences as well as mental health problems in family history raises the issue of mental illness which should be treated where people can overcome tehri situations.

There are several types of mental illness and degree of severity. some of the major types of mental illness are such as anxiety, depression, bipolar mood disorder, personality disorder, trauma, eating disorders ad schizophrenia. The most common mental illness are anxiety and depression disorders for which the individuals are suffering seriously as they are going through tension, anxiety and sadness at times. Their feelings are disturbed they have great difficulties coping with the day to day activities, such as work, enjoying leisure time and maintaining relationship in the social communities (Card and Wang, 2015). The less common type of mental illness may involve psychosis which includes schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorders. Psychotic episodes of the individuals are threating and confusing to other people and such behaviour and symptoms are difficulties to be handled by the practitioners and health and social care professionals. There are several cause of mental disorders problems and the main biological factors, which are responsible for mental illness, are such as genetics, prenatal damages, infection, disease and toxins, injury and brain defects as well as substance abuse. These are the major causes for which most of the people are suffering from mental illness and apart from that experiences in their personal lives and environmental factors are also serious causes of mental illness (De Silva et al., 2016). Emotional stress, depression, poor parenting and abuse as well as neglect are serious issues for which the people are going through such problems of mental illness. Relationship with others in the social communities, adverse childhood experience and abuse, social expectations and esteem, poverty and community and cultures are also responsible for such mental illness.

History of mental health

Mental illness and social stigma are the main concern among the people which is related to mental illness where social biasness and discrimination further raises the issue where the people cannot not be treated fairly for overcoming the problems of mental illness. There are several stigmas of mental illness which includes inability to problem solving and decision making practice, stress, depression, anxiety, and lack of understand of dealing with every day’s duties and responsibilities. There are several reasons of occurrence of mental illness including social, environmental and economic aspects for which the individuals are suffering through mental illness and there are some emotional problems such as self esteem, feelings, social constraints and psychological factors like value of relationship, connection with family and interaction with the social communities which also important factors are affecting mental illness of the individuals (Eliacin et al., 2015). For example, people with dementia, are bullied by their family, friends and neighbours which further raises stress, anxiety and depression among the people suffering from dementia. mentally ill people have to face social problems such as bully ing, abuse, harsh attitude, harassment and taunts that further affects self confidence, self esteem and understanding of the patients. Social exclusion and discrimination are serios reasons as these lead the mental patients to inactive body functions, unfortunate death of the nerve cells, accidents, suicidal tendency and brain damage. There is a perception among the people mainly the family, friends and near and dear ones of the patients that it is required to keep safe distance from the people suffering from mental illness. There is increasing numbers of people in the UK who are suffering from negative abuse, neglecting behaviour and taunt which are serous mental stigma for which mental strengthen of the people become damaged (Fleury et al., 2018). Current mental health framework needs to be improved and the perception and stereotype also must be developed that leads to changing viewpoint of the social communities where the people with mental illness can be treated fairly and they can get suitable treatment and care as well as support from the health and social care professionals. For social stereotype, people are experiencing high level of discrimination, neglects, biasness, poor social support and social exclusion, but it is necessary to change the stereotype and increase awareness about the concept of mental illness so that the people can get the best treatment and quality care and support from the health care professionals.

Effects of mental illness

Mental health refers to a wide range of mental health conditions that affect individual’s mood, thinking ad behaviour of the person where the examples of mental illness include depression, eating disorders, addictive and harmful behaviour, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. There are serious effects of such mental illness that vary and depends on the disorders and the condition of the people. the thinking style and behaviours of the person are hampered which leads the people towards behaviour unusual in the social communities. Feeling sad or down as well as confusion in thinking or reduced ability to concentrate are some of the serious effects of mental illness where the patients cannot think positively or concentrate on a particular thing due to psychological disorders (Giebel, Sutcliffe and Challis, 2015). Extreme feeling for guilt, sorrows and mood changes are also the impacts of mental illness where the individuals are going through depression which further deteriorate their mental health. social exclusion is another impact of mental illness where the society does not accept the person with mental disorders. Exclusion from the society, detachment from the friends and family members as well as near and dear ones deteriorates the mental health of then person which are serious impacts on the health condition of the individual. Significant tiredness, low energy and problem of sleeping are also other symptoms of mental illness for which people cannot live normally and their wellbeing is also hampered. There are other effects of mental illness which are serious for the patient as well as for the family members also and in this case the symptoms are drug abuse, alcohol misuse, excessive anger, holistic or violence as well as suicidal thinking for which the patients as well as the people surrounding the patients are also going through depression and stress. Hereby, the family of the patient with menta illness are also hampered and their living style are also affected for such effects of mental illness. Suicidal thought and harmful activities further affect the family members and friends of the patient where the people are feeling safe staying with the patient with mental illness (Gondek et al., 2017). There are several complications arise when the patients are going through such problems of mental illness such as family conflicts, relationship difficulties and social isolation. family conflicts and difficulties in maintaining relationship further raise the issues within the family and it leads to social isolation where the people with mental illness are excluded from the social communities which further raises depression among the patients where they cannot interact with others and it leads to stress, anxiety and abuse. Legal and financial problems as well as poverty and homelessness are also some impacts of such menta illness for which the patients cannot overcome the phase of illness and improve their mental health (Holder et al., 2018).

Treatment and support

The people suffering from mental illness need to be diagnosed and treated efficiently so that they can overcome their present situation and reduce the symptoms of mental illness as well as lead a normal life like others. There are several treatments related to mental; illness such as psychotherapy and medication through which the nervous system of the human being can be controlled. in addition to these, the support group try to provide proper care and support the individuals by understanding their situation where the individual is suffering from negative experience (Irvine, 2018). Controlling anxiety and stress through open discussion as well as counselling are other processes through which the health and social care professionals try to control the behaviour of the patients and help them to overcome their situation. Moreover, patient centred care is another way to help the patients where the health and social care professionals aim at developing proper treatment and care as per the requirements of the patients which provide a scope to the care workers to acknowledge the patient’s mental health needs and diagnose properly so that the individuals can get the best treatment and support from the care givers. Hospitalisation, psychotherapy and counselling are the most effective ways to treat the patients who are suffering from mental illness like dementia, high stress, depression, self har tendency and others where the people ca get the best treatment from the social care providers and overcome their situation successfully for leading a normal life and maximising their wellbeing. Through proper cooperation as well as teamwork, the social workers and health care professionals try to understand the emotion of the patient and diagnose the patients by cooperating with them for understanding the previous health records, symptoms of mental illness and behaviour of the patients so that they can provide the beast quality treatment and care to the patients.

As per the Orem’s Theory, each individual has the self care requisite which needs to be fulfilled for normal behaviour and improving mental and physical health of the individuals. Orem’s Theory is related to three parts such as theory of self care, theory of self care deficit and theory of nursing system, where the performance and practice of activities that individuals perform and initiate on their own for maintaining life, health and wellbeing of the individuals. Self care system is beneficial for the individuals as it helps to maintain structural integrity and human functioning that contributes in human development where the individual tale the initiatives to improve their living standard and maximise their wellbeing (Jorm, 2015). The self care agency in this regard plays a crucial role for managing human acquired powers and capabilities to engage in self care where the basic conditioning factors are important for improving the ability of self care. The basic conditioning factors for self care are such as age, developmental state, gender, health state, health care system, pattern of living, income of the people as well as socio cultural orientations. As per the theory, there are self care requisites which includes universal self care requisites, developmental universal self care requisites and health deviation universal self care requisites.

The universal self care requisites is associated with life processes and the maintenance of integrity of the human being and its functioning, where this identifies the maintenance of sufficient intake of basic needs of human being such as air, food, water as well as provision of care associated with elimination process and excrements ad the maintenance of balance between activity and rest, social integration and prevention of hazards to human life. The development self care requisites are the process of growth and development influenced by what is happening during the life cycle such as adjusting to new job or body changes (Masten, Burt and Coatsworth, 2015). Lastly, health deviation self care requisites are concerned about seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance so that the wellbeing of the individual can be improved with the help of diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative measures. Hereby, as per the theory, it can be stated that, self care requisites must be fulfilled where the interest of the individual to overcome the problem that they are facing for psychological disorders leads to seek efficient nurses and doctors who can diagnose their problems and cooperate with them for reducing the issue of mental illness (Milner, Page and Lamontagne, 2014). The treatment and support from the health and social care professionals as well as self interest to overcome the problems in leading their lives are beneficial where the patient improves their wellbeing and cooperate with the health care professionals to lead normal lives by mitigating the issue of mental illness.

Tidal’s Model

Tidal’s Model is mainly the model of mental illness where the people can be recovered well and lead a normal life like others. through this model, it is posisbel to understand the approach of discovering mental illness and help the people suffering from mental disorders. It is a recovery approach through which mental wellbeing of the individuals depends on the life experience of the individuals including the sense of the people, self perception, actions and thoughts. As per the model, developing person centred care is important where the health and social care professionals can develop efficient service and care where the actual mental health needs and the preferences of the people can be diagnosed and recognised. After proper diagnosis, it is necessary to treat them with the best posisbel treatment as well as provide efficient service, social support and care to the patient which can overcome the situation of mental illness. The theory focuses at empowering the patients who are suffering from mental illness where the health and social care professionals need to empower the people and create positive environment where the patient can feel free to express and cooperate with the health care professionals so that the problems related to mental illness can be mitigated and they can lead a normal life like others (Pilgrim, 2017).

As per the guidelines of NICE (National Institute of Healthcare and Excellence) and Who (World Health Organisation), the health and social care professionals need to focus on the actual preferences of the patient and acknowledge the needs of the people through proper diagnosis. In this context it is the responsibility of the health care professionals to communicate with the people suffering from mental illness as well as reduce the psychological stigma of mental illness through cooperation and positive interaction. As per the concept of Tidal’s Model, there are some commitments through which the health and social care professionals try to develop patient centred care so that the social stigma of the patient during their mental illness can be treated well with proper treatment and positive support and care. In this regard, the health care professionals need to give value the choice of the patients and respect their language for successful communication so that the patients can feel free to interact and discuss their issues related to past life, experience gathered throughout their life span, abuse, stress, disorders and symptoms as well as past record of the treatment and health (Yang et al., 2014). Moreover, maintaining transparency and accountability, building trust and loyalty among the patients as well as empower the patients during the phase of diagnosis are beneficial for the health and social care professionals where they are successful to acknowledge the actual preferences and mental health needs of the patients and deliver proper treatment and care.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that, there is raising awareness of mental illness and society has been changing since past years which is positive impacts where the people suffering with mental illness can get proper support and treatment from the health care professionals. It is the responsibility of the society to cooperate with the patients with mental illness and help them through self care system so that they can overcome their situation and lead a normal life like others. In this regard, communication, cooperation among the patients and the health care professional as well as empowering the patients are beneficial for developing patient centred care where the individual is treated with latest treatment and get support from the society as well as from the health care professionals. Both Orem’s Theory and Tidal’s Model are useful through which it is posisbel to understand that the people suffering from mental illness need to cooperate for fulfilling self requisite as well as for developing patient centred care where the health care professionals can meet the neds and preferences of the people and overcome the issues of mental illness and social stigma.

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